The Time Machine, a book of future reforms

There is no denying the fact that the the Time Machine is a book of science fiction   by  HG Wells , published in 1895. There are four dimensions in this fictional writings; the three plains of Space, and the fourth, Time. The plains of Space include length, breadth, thickness, and duration. A figure that has all four of these features exists, can be seen and felt. Then there is another dimension that we all seem to take lightly, the fourth dimension; Time. We may have traveled through space, distance, and even through our own earth to reach the side of something we hope to find. H. G. Wells hunted to find a way through time. Some say it’s impossible, and some say that one day in the distant future, man will be able to travel back and forth through time at will.  A man of science hopes to find this answer. He builds a machine that is capable of doing this exact thing, the time machine. By taking himself into the distant future, the Time Traveler finds himself in a new world,  a  world with no disease, insects, weeds, or violence.  Here, according to the book, the time traveler has made his utmost efforts to explore such a world bedded on peace, trust, love and an idealistic society.

About Eloi

Furthermore, in the new narrative, the Time Traveller tests his device with a journey that takes him to 802,701 A.D., where he meets theEloi, a society of small, elegant, childlike adults. They live in small communities within large and futuristic yet slowly deteriorating buildings, doing no work and having a herbivorous diet. His efforts to communicate with them are hampered by their lack of curiosity or discipline, and he speculates that they are a peaceful communistsociety, the result of humanity conquering nature with technology, and subsequently evolving to adapt to an environment in which strength and intellect are no longer advantageous to survival.

About Morlocks

Returning to the site where he arrived, the Time Traveller finds his time machine missing and eventually works out that it has been dragged by some unknown party into a nearby structure with heavy doors, locked from the inside, which resembles a Sphinx. Later in the dark, he is approached menacingly by the Morlocks, ape-liketroglodytes who live in darkness underground and surface only at night. Within their dwellings he discovers the machinery and industry that makes the above-ground paradise possible. He alters his theory, speculating that the human race has evolved into two species: the leisured classes have become the ineffectual Eloi, and the downtrodden working classes have become the brutish light-fearing Morlocks. Deducing that the Morlocks have taken his time machine, he explores the Morlock tunnels, learning that they feed on the Eloi. His revised analysis is that their relationship is not one of lords and servants but of livestock and ranchers, and with no real challenges facing either species. They have both lost the intelligence and character of Man at its peak.

Meanwhile, he saves an Eloi named Weena from drowning as none of the other Eloi takes any novice of her, and they develop an innocently affectionate relationship over the course of several days. He takes Weena with him on an expedition to a distant structure that turns out to be the remains of a museum, where he finds a fresh supply of matches and fashions a crude weapon against Morlocks, whom he fears he must fight to get back his machine. He plans to take Weena back to his own time. Because the long and tiring journey back to Weena’s home is too much for them, they stop in the forest, and they are then overcome by Morlocks in the night, and Weena faints. The Traveller escape only when a small fire he had left behind them to distract the Morlocks catches up to them as a forest fire; Weena is presumably lost in the fire, as are the Morlocks.

The Morlocks use the time machine as bait to ensnare the Traveller, not understanding that he will use it to escape. He travels further ahead to unevenly 30 million years from his own time. There he sees some of the last living things on a dying Earth, menacing reddish crab-like creatures slowly wandering the blood-red beaches chasing butterflies in a world covered in simple vegetation. He continues to make short jumps through time, seeing Earth’s rotation gradually cease and the sun grow dimmer, and the world falling silent and freezing as the last degenerate living things die out.

According to the survey of the author, all I find is a new race of humans, which he calls the Eloi. I prefer the lifestyles of the Eloi where such creatures are, to the Time Traveler’s eyes, very fragile and cheerful, dancing around to play with their new toy that has mysteriously come to this place. These creatures may seem like harmless children, but the Time Traveler finds a second race that roams these hills, another race of man so contorted and savage that he must fight against the terrors of the night to stay alive. The Morlocks as he calls them feast on the flesh of the Eloi. They are what you would call albino creatures. They live under the earth and only come out in the dark. After going through the book, It was an inquiring feeling whether the Time Traveler ever makes it back home, or will he be doomed to face his fears in this strange world of the future

World Economic Strategy by Kh Atiar Rahman

There is no denying the fact that before the emergence of the concept of ‘sustainable development’, the development issue of the Southern countries was raised several times in international environmental conferences. In the world’s first major environmental conference, in Stockholm in 1972, the Northern environmental alarm was not shared universally. The main emphasis of the developing countries was their economic growth, not pollution. Indian Prime Minister Indira Ghandi emphasised that poverty was the principal problem confronting India, not pollution. The South was much concerned about possible pressure by the West to slow down their economic growth and impose environmentally motivated restrictions on aid, investment or trade policies. They gave emphasis on their sovereignty and the right to choose their own path of economic development. The North wanted to emphasise the issues of marine pollution, over consumption and global population, but on the insistence of the South, global poverty and aid issue were also included in the agenda. Both the North and South were almost divided on the question of development. However they were successful to reach an agreement about the creation of the United Nations Environmental Programme UNEP, to work as a unit on the environment within the existing UN structure. In order to meet the concern of the developing countries it was given a large governing council and after some argument it was sited in Nairobi. As has been mentioned, the Brundtland report of 1987 provided the concept of ‘sustainable development’, which gave emphasis on economic development and environment together to sustain the growth. I will therefore now focus on some other important environmental conferences to see the North-South position in those conferences.Before the Montreal Protocol it was the believe among the scientists that the chlorofluorocarbons were the main cause of ozone depletion. Developing countries concerns had been of marginal significance in the Montreal negotiation. It was thought that the developing countriesconsumption of CFCs was small (less than one twentieth per capita of developed country consumption). A small number of developing countrieswere present at the early sessions of the conference. The provision written into the protocol therefore to gain their adherence was the right to a ten year delay in phasing out CFCs by developing countries. Some highly unspecified references to their demand of financial and technical assistance was also made. As the consumption of CFCs was growing rapidly in some developing countries (particularly in China and India,) it was thought that if the threat to ozone layer really to be tackled, the developingcountries must form part of the effort. By the end of 1989, only 21 developing countries had signed the protocol. The important developingcountries were making it clear that they would only get involved in this process if the North would provide the extra finance and technology for their industries with CFC substitute. This demand raised conflict between the North and the South.

This North-South tension was dominant up to the 1990 London meeting scheduled to review the Montreal Protocol. In London, it was extremely tense contest between North and the South on these financial issues. The South was trying to get the best possible financial and technological terms, while on the other hand, the North was trying to get the South on board without vast financial and technological commitments. The final result was the agreement to establish a new fund, initially of 160-240 million US$ to be contributed by the North for use by the South. The Northern companies also assured the south about the substitute technology which would be transferred later on. All the major developing countries consequently later joine

The World Reform Strategy by Kh. Atiar Rahman

There is no denying the fact that the affiliation as envisaged between escalation and the surroundings has recently been thought about for which the concerning authority has led innumerable efforts to establish reforms in different sectors virtually. In light of this, the cost-effective reform of the developing countries was one of the key issues in the world's early environmental convention, in Stockholm in 1972. The succeeding symposium has indicated in the sense that without taking into account the reforms issue of the developing countries ecological concern would not be resolved. The expansion issue of the South rallied round to expand the concept of ‘sustainable reforms'. This perception gives prominence on reforms while at the same time recognises its relationship with environment. Although there exists acknowledgement of the need to achieve a sustainable balance between environment and reforms, the perspectives of the North and South differs in this respect. The North gives more emphasis on environmental protection while the South on reforms in respect of trade, education and commerce. Although these different attitudes create some situations of conflict between the two sides, there are number of cases of some sort of co-operation also existing between them.

According to Ben ham, a famous economist ‘Sustainable reforms' means prop up reforms with preserving the environment for the interest of present as well as future generations. A sustainable reform gives emphasis on the fulfilment of the basic needs of the poor people. It aims at solving ecological problem and poverty simultaneously. In a simple phrase, it means economic reforms with low environmental pollution. According to Hartshorn ‘sustainable reforms' means to improve the quality of life of humans without depleting renewable and non-renewable natural resources. This contrasts with traditional reforms as a model that stresses the enhancement of Gross National Product through economic growth which is often based on rapid depletion of the natural resources. In this connection, if we consider the economic model, we will find under open and closed economic cycle, GDP has adequate influences over the injections where other factors like import, export, taxation create smooth ingredients for betterment of stabilisation in the field of a country's economy tentatively.

Suffice it to say that in the year 1987, Brundtland, a renowned economist specialized on Environment and reforms produced a unique milestone report which has been promulgated envisaging widespread economic features. Such report is widely known as the Brundtland report making a mammoth impact by linking environmental and reforms issue through the concept of ‘sustainable reforms'. This concept came down to us which reduced the intellectual and political gap on environmental issue between the North and South. At that time the South was arguing for economic growth and North was at loggerheads for environmental shield in respect of the developing countries on the environmental issue which differs to a large extent from that of the developed countries. According to the remarks passed by the South, as the Northern countries are the main beneficiaries of the process of economic growth so they are responsible for the world's environmental problem. As the South has no economic alternative, they utilize the most of their natural resources only for their economic reforms. They exploit their natural resources to deal with their poverty. For illustration, it is easier said than done to delineate a rural farmer in Brazil to stop cutting the rain forest where he must grow crops to feed his family. In the developing countries, forest clearance is not in effect for timber, domestic use or export, but rather for agricultural cultivation which is virtually important for better economic growth. It is evident that high population growth is a serious problem for the Southern countries. It increases pressure on natural resources and creates more environmental problems. For that reason it is not very easy for the developing countries to attain ‘sustainable reforms'. Nafis Sadik pointed out in one of her argument in respect of reforms economics that these developing countries understand the importance of protecting the environment, but is compelled to resort to environmentally unsound practices in order to survive. For sustainable reforms therefore, developing countries need technological and financial support from the developed world.

In view of the above discussion it is evident that, as the developed countries have previously attained their economic growth, so it is moderately easier for them to focus on environmental setback. They can use substitute technique which will be more environmentally reverberation for them. However, they also have their own predicament. For case in point, the people in the developed countries do not fancy to assume any new weigh down. There exists an unemployment problem in many developed countries. For these reason overseas aid is always under financial pressure in developed countries. Technology transfer is also a problem for the developed countries, as it is usually in the possession of private companies, which usually have their own priorities about the countries to what extent they should be expediently be abounding to. For that reason, they do not reassign their technology at a cost that the South can afford. On the other hand, an alternative of developed country still rebuff the correlation between economic reforms and environmental fortification. It is an inquiring feeling as to what is the problem and position taken by both the developed and developing countries; the transition of the developing countries to sustainability will require support from the developed countries. If the Northern does not help in the reforms needs of the South, then the environmental issue is bound to create conflict undoubtedly.

The contaminant around us

Kh. Atiar Rahman

A substance may be a contaminant when its occupancy in air, water, or soil harms organism in question and as such bacteria and virus carriers such minute living thing can cause contamination in a significant manner. Pollutants harm humans in different ways where in high concentrations they can cause ill health and even death. These sort of pollutants which are horrifying in due sense can spread through food chains spoiling plants and animals and endangering human food supplies like fish, and they can cause dirt and obnoxious smells.

Atmospheric pollution

The principal inception of air contamination are the burning of coal and oil in houses and factories, and in the engines of cars, buses, airplanes and thus smoke assembled by burning contains small particles of dust which are mainly carbon. This dust calumniates the walls of the buildings and settles on the leaves of plants, limiting photosynthesis by cutting out light and limiting materialization by blocking stomata. Smoke contains sulphur dioxide that reacts with water vapour in air forming sulphuric acid causing damages the stonework of buildings, the leaves of plants, and the peoples lungs which vitally important for controlling breathing function. Garden bonfires can also be a source of hazardous pollution. If household rubbish including plastic and polystyrene is added to the fire, its smoke will contain up to 300 times more cancer-producing chemicals than cigarettes smoke, as well as cyanide, lead, dioxin, and other poisonous chemicals. There is no denying the fact that Petrol and diesel engines release fumes containing oxides of nitrogen and lead compounds. Once lead enters the body it cannot be removed by the excretory system. It collects in the body eventually causing damage, especially on the brain.

Mellifluous Pollution

The main source of water pollution is sewage from houses and farms, chemical waste from industry and agriculture, and spilled oil. Sewage can be made harmless but in many countries population growth has overloaded sewage handling works and untreated sewage is released into rivers and sea. Bacteria in water disintegrate sewage, but in lakes and slow-moving rivers this process uses up oxygen so briskly that fish, insects, and tadpoles, are missing. Industrial waste often manifests very venomous, long-lasting pollutants such as composites of cyanide, lead mercury, and mercury, and copper. These chemicals are jeopardous even in small cornucopia, because when they are discharged into streamlet and rivulet, they garner fish and other aquatic creatures. In this way these are amplified through food chains to water birds and sometimes humans.

In many recent farms poultry, cattle, and pigs are possessed in buildings and there is no other land on which to use the fertilizer that they produce. The manure is released into local streams and rivers where it decomposes and reduces oxygen levels in the same way as untreated domestic sewage. Other pollutants attributable to modern farming methods include chemical sprays that kill insect pests and fungi that skirmish crop plants. If these chemicals enter rivers and ponds they can spread through out food chains in the same way as industrial waste.

Dispersion

Radiation such as X-rays and beta and gamma rays can cause various types of cancer, a blood disorder known as leukemia, and damage to the sperms and ova resulting in deformed babies. Natural radiation comes from outer space in the form of cosmic rays, and artificial radiation comes from certain medical and industrial processes. Little if any harm comes from these sources; but there is increasing concern about radiation from the testing of nuclear power to generate electricity will increase. There is always a risk in emitting radiation upon the surface where it is falling. The persons, who are always dealing radiation as routine job and research purpose, they need to be careful about such fission and fusion phenomena. If air is polluted by radiation, environment must be polluted in question and consequently many dreadful diseases may break out.

Meteorological pollution:

There are many ranges of barometric pollution problems currently alarming the earth's general environment; the problem arises from the acidic gases produced by burning fossil fuels in a different situations. The majority of power stations in industrialized countries burn coal or oil. Both these fuels are polluted with sulphur, which produces sulphur dioxide when it burns. The wind can carry acid rain clouds away from the industrialized centers, causing the pollution to fall on other countries. Besides this, oxides of Nitrogen dioxide are produced when thunderstorm blows or air are heated in furnaces or in vehicle petrol engines. Consequently, these gases dissolve in rainwater to produce acid rain. Due to acid rain, the following adverse effects are observed:

·         Limestone buildings and statues are worn away.

·         Lakes and rivers are acidified, and the presence of metal ions leached out of the soil damages the gills of the fish and as such the fishes can die.

·         The nutrients are leached out of the soil and from leaves. Trees are deprived of these nutrients. Aluminum ions are freed from the clay as Aluminum sulphate and damage the roots of the trees. The tree is unable to draw up water through damaged roots and it dies. Due to depletion of ozone layer, a protective layer of ozone in the stratosphere prevents harmful ultra-violet radiation reaching the earth surface ozone layer remains depleted.

·         Chlorofluorocarbons and other halogen compounds are formed due to the depletion of ozone layer, which causes the damage of human beings and plants in question, for which restrictions have been imposed to use such compounds virtually by International agreement.

In view of the above it is evident that if the situation were tolerable to grow worse, preamble to higher levels of ultra-violet radiation could effect more cases of skin cancer in human and cause crops to a great extent. That is to say, in burning chemicals and bricks, poisonous gas emit and as such sulphur dioxide gas, Nitrogen dioxides and carbon monoxide gas are produced in atmospheric layer and consequently, acid rain occurs. This sort of acid rain causes trees to destroy and soil to pollute and poisonous. As a result of creating such dangerous pollutants, our lives are becoming risky and health hazards. Besides this, the problems of green house effects are throughout the world for which we should find out ways and means to solve the impediments, which create health exposure in our every day life. The CFC gas is the product of tremendous effects of greenhouse chattels and as a result, our environment is being polluted creating great health vulnerability in question. The fact is that due to awesome increase of CFC gas and carbon dioxide, ozone layer is consequently licked and the ultra-violet ray from the Ionosphere is in the way to hit the earth directly for which the surface temperature is gradually increasing and the ice is melted and the depth of the sea is also being increased. It is hoped in future that in course of time, the earth will be inundated under water. It has been observed in recent years survey that due to tremendous indiscriminant use of ploy-ethane bags, pollution are occurring to a great extent. In the world, wastage is being observed but these are being recycled in a developed process, which are the consequences of better technology and scientific research. In order to remove such pollution, a better technology and strong recycling process are needed for which new bags are possible to be made. Besides this, we need to be careful about dealing wastage for which prospective and alternative measures are keenly emphasized in a systematic manner. We know that the plants and trees are vitally important in order to make our environments healthy and sophisticated to live peacefully in the world. On the other hand, due to lack of trees, adverse situations prevail in the atmospheric layer like increasing carbon dioxide and dust particles. If this type of gas is increased in the layer, our environment becomes barren and unsuitable for living. We use oxygen in our inhalation and give out carbon dioxide as a general flow of breathing function. Trees give us shadow and fruits for which our survival on earth becomes easy and comfortable. We need trees in order to make our environment free from pollution. Hence, it is widely recognized that due to enormous use of plants and trees, we are always facing the situations of health hazard and for which the government is careful to plant trees in place of the trees cut down. Since the plants and trees are being cut down to a great extent, the amount of lands have been reducing day by day for which the scarcity of cultivable lands are being observed tremendously. As a result of being extinct the forests, the number of animals, birds and other creature living in woodland are being reduced to a great extent. The main weapon to fight against extinction is self-awareness and consciousness. It has to come within everybody that we have to possess the feelings of responsibility and environmentalism, in order to build a better world -a world full of evergreen beauty and spirited animals and for these purpose, the following steps may be taken in due course.

·         Following and whaling should be absolutely proscribed

·         Deforestation needs to be counteracted

·         The use of ivory and furs needs to be declared as a punishable crime imposing an exemplary penalty in question.

·         National parks and nature reserves should be created

·         The natural habitats of endangered species should be preserved.

If these tactics of measures are accomplished instantaneously, then it may be anticipated an optimistic upshot that a man can see the dawn of a new era in the history of the world, which will be even more eye-catching if we are engrossed to be humiliated with one another by forsaking all sorts of enmity and quarrelsome activities from the social life.

Werb blog: www.khatiar1955a.altervista.org

The Role of Science fair and the teacher in science education

By Kh. Atiar Rahman

The concept of science fair has been come down to us from European education pattern and their growth of culture. They firstly thought " Science fair must be based on creativity by cultivating knowledge and intelligence of the learners". Indeed, science fair needs to be introduced in different educational institutions by considering its pedagogical phenomena based on practical knowledge and skills. Hence, there is no alternate of practical knowledge to gain proper education in the field of Science and Technology and hence the steps for science fair is needed as a taken of creativity and awareness for acquiring knowledge among the students. Hence, the steps for science fair in the educational institute are ideally envisaged and contemporary.

In our country, every year science fair is held in different educational institute annually to create motivation of research work and enthusiasm. The teachers first collect the names and list them that they will create a project based on science and technology. The students who are found interested to introduce a new science work take a challenge and become capable of showing a different creative work. He selects a project and thinks over the work and the nature of technology behind it. Actually, he becomes responsible of inventing something like a scientist. So, it is found off and on that the students are being able to show a nice presentation in science fair. He sometimes shows something different from modern age. They can project from ancient and mediaeval age.

The authority of different schools and colleges arrange science fair in order to show the eagerness of actual knowledge and skills among the students. At this, a congenial atmosphere is developed in the institution because, they are concerning their heads about new inventions and discovery and they become conscious of awakening their ideas and thoughts. In the context of Bangladesh, every year different schools and colleges arrange science fair. They first invite names from the interested students who are willing to make the project work and to focus it in the science fair. They, like the scientists carry on research work like making law, hypothesis and theory. They seek respective ideas from different books and the achievement of scientists of the world. At last they present their creativity and thus a systematic project is reflected.

Arranging science fair is a significant step of different educational institutions through which an intensified effort is led to flourish and enrich the knowledge and skills on application of science for the students. It is hoped in future that the steps to arrange science fair is a predominating criteria to strengthen the cultivation of knowledge in applying the definitive sense of technical know- how of science. A science fair is quite different from other fairs existing in our country like a village fair and an industrial fair and so on. These fairs serve the purpose of the business where the commodities of qualitative nature are sold and displayed for making profit in question. Here, the commodities are served in the market in such a manner, where the companies good will and the nature and quality of product are vividly disclosed so that the people are much attracted to purchase it to a great extent. Besides this, in organizing science fair, the business importance is not treated as the prime factor; rather the pedagogical manifestation to gear up the intensity and potentiality of the students is given priority. Actually, the eagerness for knowing the unknown world is reflected and a better environment is flourished among the students in any educational institute where science and technology are studied extensively. Even though, there has been provided a wide range to the students in European countries for creating a broad based project as a part of their education. The students who are found attracted for learning technological skills and knowledge generally shines in life by contributing a lot in the field of education. For science fair, the following things are important:

• Environment: Like western country, appropriate environment is needed where necessary equipment will play a vital role. In many cases, only theoretical teachings are offered beside practical knowledge and skills. It is a matter of great regret that the students are deprived of gaining actual knowledge in the relevant field. Besides this, technological instruments need to be placed in different institutions so that the utilization of those equipment are properly made in a systematic manner.

• Knowledge and skills relating to science fair: The teacher should select a number of topics before allocating on the project work to the students and they should give knowledge on the steps of spreading and analyzing the topics in question. He should engage himself in creating awareness and necessary skills in the field of the application of mathematical model of science based on constructive exploration of modern appliances. The teacher should set problems on real life situation like building a model of the relevant topics. The problems must be based on practically oriented which set forth the topics covering science and its technological aspects of nature. Assuming in a teaching classroom, on Modern and electronic physics is going on. The students are feeling boring because the teacher was not well dressed and well rested. Rather he has arrived late and he has not greeted them. Some students do not understand his lecture. He is running fast. He is not identifying and helping the less able students. In this case, despite his sound knowledge in the relevant field of modern physics, he may not be treated as a good teacher. Henry Fayol defines a teacher as an active student of the students who can play very much attractive and fascinate role upon overall performances in the class. An ideal teacher needs to play a vital role in active advisor among the students. He needs to be careful about the criteria on Control, Guide, Consult and Facilitate. He should have meaningful learning experience with which he can produce constructive and mathematical presentation for creating awareness for teaching in a significant manner.

Being a science teacher, his attitude may vary according to the nature of the students' subject area and to substantiate the actual skills. He needs to be very careful in using his voice for effective teaching. In our country, in many cases, the parents regarding performance of the teacher lodge complaints. A good teacher need not be excited and agitated towards the students. He should give chance to ask question to the students so that transfer of behavior is made possible in a significant manner. According to Franchise Bacon, there are two types of learning: One is Pedagogy- children's learning and the other is Andragogy- Adult learning. In case of adult learning, we cannot teach anybody, we only help him or her to learn. So in the case of using our voice we need to be responsible and tactful.

That is to say, a teacher's behavior will be in such, which must attract the students for effective and efficient delivery of the relevant topics.

In delivering lecture on the topics of science, there are limitations, which may create hindrance to learning on the part of the students. Sometimes the lecture may be monotonous and boring due to continuous saying and without emphasizing practical orientation and presentation on the applicability of science and technology. If there exists dryness amongst the students, the teacher should change the policy of his lecture. He should ask open-ended questions. Open ended questions help get the students involved. Assuming to know a particular thing, one may get interested if he is intended to know those particular items. In many cases, it is found that the teachers are not well experienced and they have no meaningful learning experience to show the actual answer of the problem and the topics. Even, without sufficient skills and knowledge, they are appointed as teacher which is totally insignificant. Some of the limitations of delivering a lecture are as follows:

 To ask question for 'Yes'/ No answer.&
 Not to ask open ended question to get people involved.&
 Not to use agitated words&
 Not to say repeatedly while delivering lecture&
 Not to ask meaningful questions&
 To ask several question at a time&
 Not to give feedback on answers yourself, or involve others&
 Not to give people a chance to absorb the question and answer it.&
 Not to welcome answers&
 to be critical in answering and asking questions.&

An ideal science teacher needs to be well conversant about using the language. It is indispensable to create awareness and congenial atmosphere on the part of a teacher. The following are the different ways to improve lecture.

 To manage intersperse lecture with opportunities to challenge and discuss what is being delivered. In case of critical problem, he needs to synchronize and simplify it so that the actual topics become easy and understandable.&
 To break the students into groups for exercises which develop lecture themes and need to be reported back and analyzed. Specifically, in presenting nuclear and magnetic topics, he needs to show it with necessary apparatus and relevant calculations.&
 To use case studies, which challenge students to apply the teaching, they are being given. Normally, chapter wise topics are needed to diversify to present the topics on practical themes and critics.&
 To use Video record teaching sessions and analyses progress and results.&
 To use role-plays to demonstrate examples of what is said in lectures.&
 To split into teams this analyses the days lecture theme and give a resume of it on same / next day.&
 To be prepared to facilitate and contribute to discussions and help groups prepare feedback.&
 To develop feedback techniques on what a teacher observes groups doing.&
 Self-will agent& regarding the teaching method, the following are important to apply in teaching the students virtually.
 Telling is not teaching&
 Age is not a bar to learn&
 Meaningful learning experience&
 Voice, image and body use&
 Practically oriented way of teaching&
 Repeat, Recap and Review&
 Mnemonics&
 Visual Hearing and Feeling and F-ULLER&

In view of the above, a good teacher selects any method to teach the students but according to Franchise Bacon, most of the good teachers select the sixth Rule of teaching that is ' Repeat, Recap, Review ' which is the most important one to make the teaching vitally effective, meaningful, fruitful and up to the mark

The reasons in support of the argument are stated as follows.

Repeat: According to Franchise Bacon, 'when you tell something in the class to a group of students, it is only a saying but when you recapitulate it, repeat it and ask the question on the progress, it will be interacted and if you further emphasize the concept, they will be conversant with the relevant knowledge'. Indeed, incase of delivering an important message, if it is stated once-only 10% will be memorized but if it is stated 6 times then 90% are memorized after one year. So, reiteration/repetition is the most important tools for the teaching to make the topics rememberable. If the message is not remembered and understandable then the whole thing will be treated as useless.

Recap: It is generally meant by recap to go over again the vital point of the relevant contents. Using FULLE-R and VHF for better memorization can do the recap. As the first events are best memorized so to start with big message. Thereafter unusual event like cartoon, exercise etc. be used. Thirdly, linked event, here mnemonics or analogy can be used and lastly to end with big messages of fascination towards the topics. In this context, summing up the ideas to arrive the conclusion that is the gist in question to be communicated to the students as a good communicator of the teaching course. We should remember one thing that ' Telling is not teaching; we need to make teaching active and interesting; get students involved; see it from the student's view; we should use VHF and FULL-R. According to Commoneus, a famous educationist, for an effective teaching, 'only lecture is immaterial but in order to ornament it for better memorization, ideal approach, demonstration, visual display and varieties of attractions of the students are needed'

Review: A proverb always goes like ' To err is human'. It is human nature to forget the things/message, which is not reviewed that are we losing what we don't review. To review we are to regularly sum up where we have reached and invited questions.
At the end of every topics if the teacher repeats, recap and review, ask questions and help them to answer properly, the trainees will be more motivated and conversant with the subjects and grasp it properly so that teaching will be effective and fruitful.

In view of the above, it is obvious that the role of teachers for science education cannot be ignored. The expansion of science fair is inevitable in the domain of practical oriented type of teachings where a student will achieve proper knowledge in creating constructive project work that will be ultimately helpful for the country. If the educational institutions emphasize technological aspects on science, the integrity to work in the field of science and its application of science fair will be enhanced intensively. As a result the country will be much benefited in due sense of technology.

My web blog is: www.khatiar2012.wordpress.com

My idea of a Good Teacher

By Kh. Atiar Rahman

 An American definition of 'Teaching' envisages that ' Teaching is the consistent and effective transfer of appropriate behaviors which lead to the achievement of predetermined and specified results'. Hence in order to substantiate the purpose of teaching that is the transfer of knowledge to the students properly so that after receiving teachings they can acquire expected knowledge and pre-determined results. Hence a good teacher is he who teaches the students how to lead their lives cleanly and controlled towards acquiring knowledge. A good teacher is vitally important for ideal teachings to the students. He should know the correct way of teaching where the students are inspired to learn and devote themselves to study. A good teacher is an architect for building a good citizen in the country.

According to Comoneius, a famous educationist, in order to make teaching successful, the three things are vitally important. These are Good teacher, Good method and Good books. Indeed, a good teacher plays a vital role in making teachings to the students successful. Being a teacher, he should behave in such a way by dint of his own image, voice and body use so that interaction and transfer of behaviour between the teacher and the student are accelerated in a systematic manner.  Assuming in a teaching classroom, computer class on Visual Basic is going on. The students are feeling boring because the teacher was not well dressed and well rested. Rather he has arrived late and he has not greeted them. Some students do not understand his lecture. He is running fast. He is not identifying and helping the less able students. In this case, despite his sound knowledge in the relevant field, he may not be treated as a good teacher. Henry Fayol defines a teacher as an active student of the students who can play very much attractive and fascinate role upon overall performances in the class. Besides this, in order to make our teachings memorable by good preparation, we need to follow as appended below apropos to the use of Voice:

Being a teacher, we need to be very careful in using our voice for effective teaching class. A good teacher need not be excited and agitated towards the students. We should give chance to ask question to the students so that transfer of behaviour is made possible in a significant manner. Sometimes, we forget that we are a teacher and we have a particular job for the students on the concept of learning. According to Franchise Bacon, there are two types of learning: One is Pedagogy- children's learning and the other is Andragoggy- Adult learning. In case of adult learning, we cannot teach anybody, we only help him or her to learn. So in the case of using our voice we need to be responsible and tactful. Hence Somerset Maugham says “It is difficult to pass over the razor's edge, but the wise say the path to salvation is hard “. An ideal teacher needs to be well conversant about using the language. It is indispensable to create awareness and congenial atmosphere on the part of a teacher. In order to develop lecture, group discussion is a vital thing. As a teacher, we have to ensure that group performance is effective.

According to Franchise Bacon, 'when you tell something in the class to a group of students, it is only a saying but when you recapitulate it, repeat it and ask the question on the progress, it will be interacted and if you further emphasize the concept, they will be conversant with the relevant knowledge'. Indeed, incase of delivering an important message, if it is stated once-only 10% will be memorized but if it is stated 6 times then 90% are memorized after one year.  So, reiteration/repetition is the most important tools for the teaching to make the topics rememberable. If the message is not remembered and understandable then the whole thing will be treated as useless. It is generally meant by recap to go over again the vital point of the relevant contents. Using FULLE-R and VHF for better memorization can do the recap. As the first events are best memorized so to start with big message. Thereafter unusual event like cartoon, exercise etc. be used. Thirdly, linked event, here mnemonics or analogy can be used and lastly to end with big messages of fascination towards the topics. In this context, summing up the ideas to arrive the conclusion that is the gist in question to be communicated to the students as a good communicator of the teaching course. We should remember one thing that ' Telling is not teaching; we need to make teaching active and interesting; get students involved;  see it from the student's view; we should use VHF and FULL-R. According to Comoneus, a famous educationist, for an effective teaching, 'only lecture is immaterial but in order to ornament it for better memorization, ideal approach, demonstration, visual display and varieties of attractions of the students are needed'. A proverb always goes like ' To err is human'. It is human nature to forget the things/message, which is not reviewed that are we losing what we don't review. To review we are to regularly sum up where we have reached and invited questions. At the end  of every topics if the teacher repeats, recap and review, ask questions and help them to answer properly, the students will be more motivated and conversant with the subjects and grasp it properly so that teaching will be effective and fruitful. That is to say, a teacher's behaviour will be in such, which must attract the students for effective and efficient teaching.

In delivering lecture, there are limitations, which may create hindrance to learning on the part of the students. Sometimes the lecture may be monotonous and boring due to continuous saying. If there exists dryness amongst the students, the teacher should change the policy of his lecture. He should ask open-ended questions. Open ended question help get students involved. Assuming to know a particular thing, one may get interested if he is intended to know those particular items. An ideal teacher needs to be well conversant about using the language. It is indispensable to create awareness and congenial atmosphere on the part of a teacher. 

My web blog: www.khatiar2012.wordpress.com

Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon Him)

There is no denying the fact that the great men who have dedicated through out their lives for the cause of salvation of humanity as well as for Muslims solidarity and who have tried their supreme effort to establish peace and principles of truth in the hereinafter, out of them Mohammad(SM) was the greatest and as per history of the world he had struggled for the truth universally recognized and bestowed by God upon human beings. He had been come down to this ephemeral world with a message of salvation of humanity who was enchained by evils, corruptions and anarchism. God had sent him to the people of this earth as a clear direction of truth, divinity and justice. God had written Quaran as a complete code of all Muslim Ummah specifically for those who are down trodden, sufferer, victimized and poor. Michael Hart was a great author who has written a book named "The Hundred" which is bedded upon hundred most influential persons of the world since the creation of the earth. That is to say, the influential persons have come down to the ephemeral world with a definitive purpose to flourish light of education in respect of both spiritual and institutional on earth as a tentative flow. Out of the hundred personalities Mohammad(SM) has been placed on the top, as he was the most influential and spiritual leader through out the world at that time. After placing his name on the top, the Christians communities and the people of other religions were rent and rave the circulation of the book. Later Hart explicated that, since the creation of human beings, till date, Mohammad(SM) was the influential person in the sense that from the life of a shepherd, he had promoted his life to prophet hood by virtue of his spiritual power and utmost faith upon almighty Allah. He was such a shining star in Islamic World, which upheld the maxim of messages of the holy Quaran, which had been bestowing upon him. Hart also said that he was proud of placing this name on the top because he said that he had done the right thing by doing so. According to him, as a writer it was his duty to express the truth before those who are curious, ignorant and inquisitive to know the unknown.
Mohammad (SM) was the greatest prophet of all time. He was born in a famous Quarieesh tribe. Before his birth, his father Abdullah had died and at the age of six, his mother died. Later, his uncle Abu Talib and his grand father Abu Motalib had brought up this orphan child. In the history of mankind, these two figures have been reflected in the Muslim world with supreme reverence and sanctity. Mohammad (SM) was the symbol of self-help and he spent most of his childhood by advising the people for being self-reliance based on full faith on Islam. His foster mother Halima had brother had brought up him from his very early days. She had observed very rare qualities in him and she, with a great heart began to bring him up with due solemnity and praise. His uncle, Abu Talib was a business and in relation to trade and commerce, he started for Syria. On his way he came across Buhaiya, a veteran demonstrator of Christian religion having talked with Mohammad(SM) he had been pleased and predicted that he had preserved every qualities of the prophet and he had been sent to this world as the blessings of this universe. While the sheep were grazing under his control as a shepherd boy, his heart had been rendered and washed under the miracle incident made by the angels as set forth by Almighty Allah. Afterwards, he had farmed as a promising man of God ‘Hilful- Fazal' The people at that time in the desert land in the dark Arabia had kept faith upon him in order to lead the youth in a peaceful manner. The object of such promise was to help mankind by way of religion and leading them to control. The social people loved him and got acquaintance of ‘Al-Amin' which means trustworthy. That is to say, the people of Mecca at that time had scarcity of faith among themselves, so they had developed faith with Mohammad having seen the activities of Mohammad based on spiritualistic behavior linked with Allah directly, specifically when they kept their goods preserved to Mohammad, took it under his control and returned it at the response of them. Thus, the people of Mecca used to get acquaintance of great heart and thus a faith among them had been developed by degrees. At that time, the people of Mecca were filled with distrust, ignorance and they were involved in various prejudices and believed in a variety of gods and goddess, meaning that they used to worship idols. In the year 595, he took part in trading with Khadija and within a short span of time, she earned lots of profit in her business, she got the identity of a true heart like Mohammad(SM). She was a wealthy lady at that time and by way of achieving the identity of a great personality like Mohammad (SM), she proposed to him for marriage. He told her that he would marry her under one condition- she had to bestow her wealth and fortune for the sake of Islam on the promise to live like the poor, the way he himself lives . Khadeja, having heard such proposal agreed to such condition and they got married. At that time, his age was 25, and she was 40.
After their marriage, an epidemic had taken place in the country that time. Mohammad(SM) had distributed all the resources he had possessed from Khadeja in order to remove the adversity of the people. At that time, the thought of sacrifice for the good of the people were intensified and he was influenced for devotion towards almighty Allah day by day. Apart from Mecca three miles away, in the cave of Hera, he was absorbed in deep meditation of almighty Allah. Such process of supplication continued for forty years. One day, during his meditation, the angel Jib rail (AM) came unto him and said," Oh! Mohammad, you are the Russel of Allah, you have been sent by Allah". And thereafter, a message of Allah came, " Read in the name of your lord, from this day onward, in the cave of Here, Mohammad (SM) used to receive messages from Allah through messenger, Jib-rail (AM), he accurately the complete message of the holy Qumran, with his unquestionable, the ultimate and the complete code of life. In order to convey the message of peace and solidarity, he had struggled through out his life. The non-Muslim troubled in many ways, they threw stones at him, spat at him, beat him and cursed him. He was tormented in various ways, he would tolerate all the misdeeds of the people, his sole message was," Those people who have unknowingly behaved with me in such a manner, I pray for them to Allah for salvation and forgiveness. The holy Quran has come down to this world with full codes, ethics and directions of Allah. Muhammad (SM) had achieved such messages from Allah directly and it is a recognizing phenomena that the holy Quaran is completely bedded on super human creation.

Suffice it to say that presently in contemporary age, the researchers with a multiplicity of educational and theological well-being are recommending controversial theories about the Quaran and Islamic history, and are striving to reinterpret Islam for the modern world. This is, as one scholar puts it, a "susceptible commerce." All the way through the past century, the Baha'is of Iran has been maltreated. With the victory of the Islamic upheaval in 1979, this persecution has been standardizing. More than 200 Baha'is have been executed or killed, hundreds more have been imprisoned, and tens of thousands have been deprived of jobs, pensions, businesses, and educational opportunities. All national Baha'i administrative structures have been banned by the government, and holy places, shrines and cemeteries have been confiscated, vandalized, or destroyed.
While we here at the Free thought Mecca often poke fun at our membership in various Zionist and Freemason funded conspiracies, the existence of real victims of such accusations is no laughing matter. The Baha'is in Iran has taken the role of the Jews in medieval Christian Europe. They are persecuted for crimes they committed only in the imagination of religious fascists. The powers that be in many Islamic countries have expressed a deep hatred for the gentle Baha'is, and openly acknowledge the faith as a threat to the true deem. The persecution is not only in Iran, but all over West Asia and North Africa. n January of 1986, one Egyptian cleric remarked that "a Baha'i deserves the penalty of an apostate... one who should either be brought to repentance or killed."2 This is how the "tolerant" and "loving" scholars of Allah's true religion feel about those who put forth a more peace-loving version of their faith.
This deep animosity for the Baha'is is found on every level of the global ummah, from high-ranking clerics, to part-time cyber-mujaheddin thugs who invade Baha'i newsgroups and chats. The fact that Muslims would show so much hatred for such a tolerant religion is one that leaves yet another black eye on the already besmirched record of the Islamic religion. Because of this, the Muslims often try justify their hatred for Baha'is by cooking up all sorts of insane conspiracy theories about them being Zionists, Free Masons, or a plot hatched by the Soviets. The first step was to follow in the footsteps of similar sorts of insane conspiracy theories launched at the Jews. Just as there is the Protocols of the Elders of Zion3, anti-Baha'i fascists cooked up the fictitious Memoirs of Count Dogorouki, a manuscript of Persian origin that claims a Russian diplomat confessed to creating the Baha'i faith as part of a plot to extend Russian imperialism. After the Russian revolution, interpretations of the Memoirs were changed to claim that the Baha'i faith was a Soviet/Marxist conspiracy. When Britain tried to colonize Iran, the claim that the Baha'is were "British agents" became quite popular. Of course, after the creation of the state of Israel, the fact that the Baha'is had headquarters in Haifa helped corroborate the claim that they were "Zionists." Another tag that was later added was that of "Freemasons" (which is a wholly ambiguous term for the collective bogeyman from the Islamic standpoint, and has nothing to do with the realities of that Fraternal order).

The religion of Mohammad (SM) as envisaged in Al-Quaran ensures an ideal life based on codes, ethics, regulation and rules truly applicable to all humans. Al Quaran is the complete code of life with which there is a sequential flow in between death and life. This eternity is a very temporary life but the transient growth of human lives one day will finish and thereafter another life will start and as such we are afraid of almighty whether our punishment will be more after eternal life. It is said that Man is unjust, God is just and finally justice triumph. Our prophet's life was not a bed of roses, rather it was based on bed of thorns. Through unlimited sorrows, he has spent his life and by utmost hard struggling, he has established and enriched his religion ‘Islam'. As has highlighted, it is evident that not only Bahai, but also many people of variety of communities through out the whole world misguide the lives of the Muslims and as such, the Muslims have struggled to establish the truth which is bestowed by God. All men are created equally but presently, the differentials and degradation against the Muslims have been created tremendously. We should forget any obstacles and rather we should embrace one another under the shadow of peace and prosperity of life. Prophet Mohammad(SM) has taught forgiveness, justice, equality, fraternity, peace and humanity of live. In this context, two lines of poem composed by Rudyard Kipling is worth mentioning:

‘Forgiveness free of evil done
And love to all men Neath the sun'

My web blog is: www.khatiar1955a.altervista.org

Life story

Of

William Shakespeare

By Kh. Atiar Rahman

                William Shakespeare was not only the name of a play writer but also, he was a versatile genius in the sky of English literature who led his pen through out the intensive problems of human beings irrespective of castes and creed and even with his gallant touch, the common phenomena of human societies have been reflected in a systematic manner. As he has entered in English literature as a Play Writer but he has thought about the poetic diction in the world which speaks about the nature, love and the superiority of natural aspects virtually. In his flow of writing, he has included all sorts of literary contents very tactfully and used his dialect in the creation of world literature for which he had had the recognition of the world as the greatest author and dramatist.

                William Shakespeare was born at par Avon in Stratford where he was brought up and so far it is learnt that his father was a carpenter in a Weaving factory He received his primary education from Stratford and afterwards, he joined to a drama club from where he had started his career as a play writer. Afterwards, he had written a number of world class books on English literature out of which King Lear, Hamlet, Macbeth, Troilus and Cressida, as you like it, Julius Caesar, Anthony and Cleopatra, Measures for Measure are the greatest. In every of his literary creations, he added the dimension of poetic diction and thus he ornamented his literary stringency with full aspects human problems and their solutions. His poem in English literature is unforgettable because he has brought the contrasts of feelings in between man and nature. As has been reflected in the sonnet XXIX by William Shakespeare, a true love of his beloved with nature has been vividly contemplated in a significant manner. The poet thinks that his love for his beloved will be never ending. Even, some changes may occur in natures which always show the sequence of transient trend of life. The influences on change-ability of the nature over the earth are melancholy and transitory. Human beings are developed in the earth and flourished through some changes day by day after a short span of time, causing decay and destruction, he dies and his everything on earth is faded away as a symbol transient growth of nature. The poet thinks that he has unlimited love towards his beloved and this love is never changed as the nature changes and develops and withers. The beauties on earth are temporary and as such melancholic strain prevails in its every influence over the plants, environment and the situation that occurs after change. The earth is changing with the changes of nature and his love cannot be changed which is permanently bedded on integrity, peace and faith in his heart. The poet presents a true love, which is uncommon, but illuminating conflagration will occur spontaneously.

               

                According to William Shakespeare, the nature is encountered with unbounded sequence of earthly objects and beauteous outpourings occur in the mental attitude of the poet. To speak the truth, the poet has an immense love for his beloved and in exchange of anything it is pure and unparalleled. The poet envisages that due to changes on the nature, his love will never be changed rather it will be hidden forever. In this poem, the theme is ideally judged in terms of allegorical meaning of real love and purity of life. It is obvious that the poet's love is heavenly dedicated which lies forever. It is neither perishable nor changeable. According to him, his perpetual and happy love always remains in his inward eye, which reveals the utmost sphere of livelihood. His life is without love for his beloved does not show any significance of real life in the sense.

                There is no denying the fact that once there was discernment that brought into being popular during the 16^th century in England. It was in fastidious proliferated by the Tudor rulers in order to ensure the prolongation by their rules as the system of kingship was supposed to be fixed by the deity himself where men’s willingness was fake and fabricated. This doctrine affirmed that the king was god specified, self-governing and a direct representative of supernatural being on earth. Therefore under no state of affairs was the king to be aloof, put back as this throne appropriated on this would be alongside the strength of character of God. Once a king was named he was to remain one until he died or usual death and even to step down from the kingship was not permissible.

                In his famous book, ‘Troilus and Cressida’ William Shakespeare verbalizes, “Take but degree away, untune that string, And hark, what discord follows” where he sought after to articulate explicitly that for the Elizabethans, the dominion was not minimally a well-designed role where it was a fundamental part of a pecking order predestined by God himself which accommodates the celestial, saintly, human being, mammal and materialistic world. Everything had its selected place in this progression. To dislocate was to provoke pandemonium. The king was God’s right to be heard on earth and whichever attempt to squeeze the throne from him would lead to mayhem and suffice it to pronounce that it was not some far-flung theory which subsequently several Shakespeare’s plays are apprehensive with the remove from power of kings – and that cataclysm perpetually tag along – is a manifestation of the implication of the impression, and of Elizabethan fretfulness about the chain to the queen.

                The Elizabethans would have initiated it easier said than done to comprehend Lear’s renunciation. Even of inferior quality was to carve up the kingdom and thus generate scope for potential rivalry: such an accomplishment could not be tolerated by a people for whom the internecine bloodlettings of the wars of the Roses hang about a folk reminiscence. Shakespeare’s social group would understand Lear’s tribulations: a worn-out aged king with no son to succeed to his favorite daughter uncommitted. But they would have distinguished no answer but for the king to endure: God had placed him on the throne and, in the comprehensiveness of time, God would remove him. If they implicit Lear’s dilemma, they would recognize even better the chaos mechanism from his wrong-headed resolution.

               

                There is supplementary delicate standpoint in which we have to view this premise of kingship. The play seems to point toward that the altitude of the throne can distort the person who occupies it. Lear has been congregated for so long with adulation that he can no longer make a distinction connecting sincerity and deception. He has for so long been obeyed in every scrupulous that he cannot stand for the slightest delay in the observance of his wishes. That which in the young king might have been forthright and assertive has now degenerated into the vain, harsh and imperious. It is an inquiring feeling whether it occurs in the case of all leaders, rulers and kings. Perhaps but what we know for certain is that Lear has to undergo an agonized flaking away of accumulated layers of insensitivity and obtuseness before finding himself. Would he have needed to do so if he had been a humble servant rather than a sovereign?  It seems by a hair's breadth likely. Is a king sufferer as able-bodied as a ruler?

                Even supposing, misfortunes in King Lear shoots up to a paramount celestial height, the chronicles finds its pedigree in an awful status like run of the mill which envisage the apprehension between parents and grown up children which reflect readers to be more intensive to have eagerness to know the situation ahead.  At its simplest, the play concerns itself with the expectations of aged parents and the differing responses of their adult children. Shakespeare’s Macbeth had no doubt about ‘that which should accompany old age’ which he clarifies as ‘tribute, devotion, submission’. King Lear would certainly say amen to that although he would add gratitude. His antagonism with Cordelia stems not only just from mortification and hurt pride, but also from rage at her apparent ungratefulness. As  he is progressively broken by Goneril and Regan, his torment resounds on this theme and even until he begins to learn through suffering , Lear’s thoughts are for himself  of what his children’s obligations are to him, of what he has done for them and how it should be rewarded. The key problem is that both parents and children are confronting a time of changeover, of exchange of power and authority. The parents are in taking a rain check, the young at the peak of their power and energy. We see two responses from the children. One, from Cordelia and Edgar, is to love and succour their parents, accept their faults, bear no grudge, bide their time. The other, from Goneril, Regan and Edmond, is ruthless, self-centered, annoyed and heavy-handed. The old are past it, no more than an encumbrance and an obstruction. They must be hard-pressed aside and inheritance detained. The best expression of this comes from Edmond, in the words he attributes to Edgar:’ I have heard him of mountain it to be fit that, sons at perfect age, and fathers declined, the father should be as ward to the son and the son manages his revenue’ . Lear, of course, receives similarly short sheriff and In scene iv Goneril speaks repeatedly of his dotage the point is driven home later by Regan. As his daughters strip him of his retinue, Lear brokenly points out’ I gave you all’. The retort expresses well the philosophy of usurping ‘And in the nick of time, you bestow it’ and as such the fool drives home the point:

‘The hedge sparrow fed the cuckoo so long

That it’s hard if head bit off by it young’

                Lear, Gloucester and Kent cherish a conservative view in which family bonds, commitment, amazement and reverence for pecking order are paramount: Gloucester, surveying the crumbling of Lear’s world and his own, laments: “We have seen the best of our time, Edmond, Goneril and Regan are the hard-headed, clear-sighted progressive – modernists who have no time for antiquated ideas. They are of today and the future, ordering their lives and very much in charge of their fate. The conflicting attitudes of the children reach their apotheoses dramatically. Goneril and Regan combine to break their father; Edmond contributes to the blinding of Gloucester. Nothing will be allowed to stand in their way. A corresponding apotheosis restores the old values; when Edgar leads his blinded father to some retrieval of hope and happiness, when cordelia reassures the bewildered Lear, they are not being obedient, not responding to any hierarchical imperative. They are simply expressing a love, loyalty and regard too strong to have been undermined by the rash misjudgment of their father.

                This straightforward fiction of two impulsion aged men, betrayed by self-interested progeny and redeemed by the feelings of affection for of a wronged child, has a widespread significance. As children we have got to all come to terms with our attitudes to our parents, to their and our shifting needs. As parents we must brazen out the fact that our children will outgrow us and supersede. It is evident that there is no easy answer, no superficial ethics. conceivably, however, we learn with Lear and Gloucester , Cordelia and Edgar, that the old must not anticipate to receive all, must continue to give, to realize to learn- and the young must hold out care for and respect for as long as we are concerned with or for craving to receive in question. Things cannot be hurried for which it is universally noted that ripeness is all.

               

                Not only in King Lear, had he written many tragedy plays where has he enlightened the problems, love and enmity of human beings. In Hamlet, he had added the beauty of Hamlet with nature and supernatural aspects. In this book, he had used many literary techniques like simile, metaphor and soliloquy with which he led his pen about Hamlet with unbounded courage and hardihood. When Hamlet came to learn the death news of his father, he became amazing and he was also surprised that his mother had married his uncle Claudius. By supernatural aspects of his father’s ghostly sprits, he learnt about the conspiracy of his uncle and mother and as such he promised to revenge against the murder of his father. William Shakespeare very nicely represented the character of Hamlet and finally he became successful when Hamlet had had his revenge at last against his uncle and mother.

               

                All the way through suffering, Lear learns a new ethical view of his life and human relationship with one another specifically if the relation is framed with close human ties. According to him, it is a judgment nowhere in signal in early stages of the play, which develop in a mood of ruthless materialism, of that which can be counted and measured. Gloucester and Kent have a discussion of the sharing out of the kingdom; Lear wants his daughters to express the dimensions of their love; the actual number of knights becomes a crucial symbol of self-hood. A man it appears is what he owns, an expression of his belongings having stressed by his daughters into justifying his needs for a retinue, Lear’s speech  beginning ‘O reason not the need’ is magnificently moved, but cracks down in confusion. He seems to be asserting that man needs superfluous items in order to mark him off from animals, but the line of thought will not hold. It is, in any case a view that he will draw closer to discard.

               

                It is throughout the storm that Lear loses his footing towards a conception of what a man really is, what his true needs are. From uncontrolled against charlatan, he turns to sympathy for the unrehearsed -‘meager nude wretches’ before becoming one himself by dragging off his clothes in emulation of poor Tom. He, by his cosmopolitan outlook enunciates through the world of surface impressions: he recognizes and expresses that he is one of the lowliest.  Lear continues to learn of keen necessity of honesty, sincerity, simplicity and openness. It is a theme which culminates in his in his reunion with Cordelia and particularly in his birds in the cage speech. The important thing is to be with those one loves and trusts, to seek and offer forgiveness as may be necessitated to make merriments to each other company. And regarding the justice of human beings, we find in King Lear that the wealthy and mighty don’t guarantee even handed justice; those with the whip-hand of power and authority often abuse it. Considering Lear’s trial of his daughter’s affection his disgusting punishment of Cordelia and Kent; the flaying of Lear and Gloucester by the newly installed high and mighty; the cruel death of Cordelia. The demented trial of scene iii act vi some how projects deceptiveness of it all, while Lear’s eruption in scene IV against the rascal beadle and robes and furred gowns is a fulminating attack on evil motives virtually. Gloucester contributes to this understanding in that his blinding, by rich and elevated is a catalyst which simply attracts goodness from the ordinary servants and the old man who guides him. This is why like Lear he comes to see the importance of sharing affluence and ruination excess. The best certification of righteousness seems to lie not in setting one man over another, but in mutual sympathy and regard for each others dignity and needs. As we are to conjecture that lusting after riches and belongings is eventually self slaughter and severe death of Cornwall, Goneril, Regan, and Edmond seem to peak to this. On the other hand, Lear and Gloucester- two old men who suffer and loss so much –seem in a sense to be triumphant, for they achieve some grasp of man’s need for outspokenness, justice truth, absolution and love.

                In his literary creation, he had shown that over ambitious in life is a dangerous thing. In Julius Caesar, Brutus was an over ambitious person and he had a long cherished desire to become a king over night. But after killing the king Caesar, he had been cut into pieces let alone being the king. Similarly, Macbeth was over ambitious but his consequence was very fatal. He had written a number of historic plays and romantic comedy. In all of his creation, he was second to none in creating history in English literature by his unbounded race towards the reforms process of human defects and the maxim of nature.

My web blog is: www.khatiar2012.wordpress.com