The concept of privatization

    The concept of privatization   

Suffice it to say that the modern approach of privatization relates to the remarkable statement that in 1988, Cook and Kirkpatrick identified three main approaches to privatisation: • Change in the ownership of an enterprise from the public to the private sector. Denationalization or divestiture can be the means to accomplish this. • Privatization through liberalization, or deregulation, of entry into activities previously restricted to public sector enterprises. 

It is argued that the removal of restrictions is intended to increase the role of competition in the hitherto protected market; a variant of privatisation will have occurred, even though the transfer of ownership of assets has been involved. • Where the provision of a good and service is transferred from the public to the private sector, while the government retains ultimate responsibility for supplying the service. Franchising or contracting-out of public services and the leasing of public assets to the private sector are examples. Privatization as policy has been allied with various objectives. Introduction or extension of market forces reflected in the profit motive, competition, greater efficiency, and innovation are expected to benefit the consumers. 

Privatization policy has also been linked with a longing for wider share ownership and a creation of a share-owning democratic system; while in some cases, the policy aims to trim down the size of the public sector through the policy of nationalization. “Perspective Proposals have also been made that in some countries like the UK, Malaysia, China and South Africa); the real purpose of the policy is to reduce the monopoly power of the public sector trade unions”. But some of the above objectives may be in conflict. 

Reducing the size of the public sector by selling public assets may not be compatible with the goal of efficiency if it involves merely transferring monopoly power from the public to the private sector without ensuring competition and rivalry. Maximizing the number of shareholders may be achieved by under pricing of share, which is in conflict with the aim to maximize the treasury income following the rules and perspectives of private sector phenomena.

Indoor Pollution

According to Commoneous, a renowned educator, What comes from God is true, and with the touch of human beings, it becomes untrue". Again, in this context, Keats says, The truth is beauty and beauty is truth ". Hence, all the sources of beauty and truth are in this world. The world we live in is the most attractive place with striking landscapes and features, wild and domesticated animals, and a variety of odoriferous flowers, evergreen trees, and the most wonderful creation of the Lord- the human beings.

The world has been created for human beings so that they would praise the Lord for his power and preserve these natural beauties with undiminished care. But ever since the world began, man has been doing the opposite thing bit by bit. He has been making progress in science and industry; great deals of landscape and wildlife are being abolished day by day. Overpopulation in small areas has given birth to traffic jams and poverty, which destroys the people. Trees have been cut down to make way for the construction of modern buildings. Waste is discarded on land and water, which spreads mosquitoes. Mosquitoes enter the household and sit on food and spray dirt on the food from the waste, and many more harmful activities for which man has started to destroy the beauty of the world. In clearing forests to create fields for farming and constructing new houses, man destroys the native animals and takes away their sources of food. His domestic animals kill them, or man hunts them for meat, ivory, or furs. Consequently, the numbers of those hunted animals are minimized, and a few numbers of these animals' lives are at stake. The contamination is a common phenomenon throughout the world, causing a great crisis against our healthy environment in question. Our environment is being greatly polluted every time due to air and water pollution. Air is mainly being polluted by smoke. When the bricks are burnt, unbounded smoke is created. The compositions of such smoke particles are nicotine, thiophene, Furan, phosgene, sulfur dioxide, and pyridine. These particles pollute the air tremendously.

The smoke is also created when different vehicles ply along the streets. For these reasons, all the streets are filled with smoke that adversely affects human health. Burning poisonous gases like sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxides, nitric acids, and sulfuric acids again create the smoke. These particles make the air heavy and polluted. In view of the above, it is evident that in order to construct buildings, dams, and embankments, lots of plants and trees are cut down and subsequently these are burnt for bricks, for which the air is polluted to a great extent. In a winter-based country, plants and trees are being planted in an artificial manner by storing sunlight under a restricted environment.

 In view of the above discussion, it is obvious that the things which are being done in the green house, are the increasing of carbon dioxide, which affects the environment adversely. We need to ensure the proper use of carbon dioxide by growing plants and trees adequately, without which a congenial atmosphere for our survival on earth would not have been possible. Finally, we should find out ways and means to save our environment from being polluted. We should also look after our indoor environment, where in all of our daily interventions at work, our indoor environment is always being polluted. We should be careful in handling our daily needs so that our daily debris emanating from our continuous household affairs can be saved from health hazards as a tentative flow 

Modern world draw back

There is no denying the fact that today’s world is not peaceful, moderate, and refined; rather, it is full of perils and threats. Still today, unlimited social evils are prevailing in the world. Not only in our country, but also in many parts of the world, corruption, terrorism, dowry system, traffic congestion, pollution and high rate of population exist tremendously. Formerly, the people were peaceful in the sense that they did not know how to use weapons to spoil others. In the modern world, the use of atomic energy has been mischievously enhanced, for which the safe survival of humans is being painstaking day by day. If we look around the world, we will observe that the number of wars is increasing day by day, for which the war against terrorism is a burning question of the day. History says that, by a mammoth invasion of terrorists, the world's largest business centre situated in America has been crushed. It is a matter of great regret that the superpower countries like the USA, Germany, France, Russia and Great Britain failed to retaliate against such attacks. It is important to note that in Hiroshima and Nagasaki of Japan during the Second World War, an atom bomb was dropped on the soil of Japan, the first sun-rising country. The effect of such an atom bomb was so fatal that even today, such poisonous influences are widespread in the world on a large scale. The modern world is the world of threats, perils, and pain, and as such, the war in Vietnam was so dangerous that countless people were killed. The war in Iraq is most destructive and heinous because each and every day, due to terrorist attacks, countless people are being killed irrespective of high or low. The peace-loving forces are trying to control the country in relation to the law and order situation, but it is becoming difficult to control the country on the part of the alliance forces against the rebel forces. The rebel forces think that they are fighting against the occupation of foreign foes, and according to them, they will fight till date until the day Iraq is liberated. From the consequences of such war, we can decide that all wars cannot bring a good harvest, but rather the people of the world who do not find any way to live with peace, society, friendship, and love. In the midst of many arguments and debates, it seems that today’s world is full of perils and a dangerous place. Since corruption exists tremendously for which we can say that where there is no accountability, there lies corruption, and it occurs in the case of dealing with money in exchange for anything. In my opinion, it is the sum of total resources expressed in terms of current monetary units and the discretionary power, which is the authority and empowerment to spend, minus accountability. Moreover, smoking emerges due to delay in healing of stomach ulcers; it trims down the senses of smell and taste; slows down reflexes, which makes smokers more prone to accidents; and gives an unpleasant smell from the breath, clothes, and homes of smokers. A very current survey illustrates that smokers endanger the health of non-smokers. Pregnant women smokers tend to have smaller babies than non-smokers, and their babies are more likely to be born dead or die a few days after birth. Besides such tremendously adverse effects, the children of smoking parents have more lung infections in the first years of life than the children of non-smokers. During one hour in a smoky room, a non-smoker can inhale as many cancer-causing substances as someone smoking 15 filter-tip cigarettes. Illness related to smoking is very expensive. In U.K., France, Germany, China and the USA, it results in the loss of about 60 million working days a year, treatment costs several hundred thousand dollars a day, and it causes the death of over a million people a week. However, those who give up smoking greatly reduce their chances of developing diseases