The concept of privatization

    The concept of privatization   

Suffice it to say that the modern approach of privatization relates to the remarkable statement was that in 1988, Cook and Kirkpatrick have identified three main approaches to privatisation: • Change in the ownership of an enterprise from the public to private sector. Denationalization or divestiture can be the means to accomplish this. • Privatization through liberalization, or deregulation, of entry into activities previously restricted to public sector enterprises. 

It is argued that the removal of restrictions is intended to increase the role of competition in the hitherto protected market, a variant of privatisation will have occurred, even though  the transfer of ownership of assets has been involved. • Where the provision of a good and service is transferred from the public to private sector, while the government retains ultimate responsibility for supplying the service. Franchising or contracting-out, of public services and the leasing of public assets to the private sectors are examples. Privatization as policy has been allied with various objectives. Introduction or extension of market forces reflected in the profit motive, competition, greater efficiency and innovation are expected to benefit the consumers. 

Privatization policy has also been linked with a longing for wider share ownership and a creation of share-owning democratic system; while in some cases, the policy aims to trim down the size of the public sector through the policy of nationalization. “Perspective Proposals have also been made that in some countries like UK, Malaysia, China and South Africa); the real purpose of the policy is to reduce the monopoly power of the public sector trade unions”. But some of the above objectives may be in conflict. 

Reducing the size of the public sector by selling public assets may not be compatible with the goal of efficiency if it involves merely transferring monopoly power from the public to the private sector without ensuring competition and rivalry. Maximizing the number of shareholders may be achieved by under pricing of share, which is in conflict with the aim to maximize the treasury income following the rules and perspectives of private sector phenomena.

Indoor Pollution

According to Commoneous, a renowned educationists," What comes from God is true and with the touch of human beings, it becomes untrue". Again, in this context, Keats says," The truth is beauty and beauty is truth ". Hence all the sources of beauties and the truth are this world. The world we live in is the most attractive place with striking landscapes and features, wild and domesticated animals, and a variety of odoriferous flowers, evergreen trees and the most wonderful creation of the Lord- the human beings.

The world has been created for the human beings so that they would applause the Lord for his power and preserves these natural beauties with undiminished care. But ever since, the world began; man has been doing the opposite thing bit by bit. He has been making progress in science and industry; great deals of landscape and wild life are being abolished day by day. Over population in small areas has given birth to traffic jam and poverty, which destroys the people. Trees have been cut down to make way for construction of modern buildings. Waste disposal is discarded on land and water, which spread mosquitoes. Mosquitoes enter the household and sit on food and spray dirt on the food from the waste and many more harmful activities for which man has started to destroy the beauty of the world. In clearing forests to create fields for farming and constructing new houses, man destroys the native animals and takes away their sources of food. His domestic animals kill them or man haunts them for meat, ivory or furs. Consequentially, the numbers of those haunted animals are minimized and a few numbers of these animals'' lives are at stake. The contamination are common phenomena through out the world causing a great crisis against our healthy environment in question. Our environment is greatly being polluted every time due to air and water pollution. Air is mainly being polluted from smokes. When the bricks are burnt, unbounded smokes are created. The compositions of such smoke particles are nicotine, thiophin, Furan, phosgene, sulfur dioxide and pyridine. These particles pollute the air tremendously.

The smokes are also created when different vehicles ply over along the streets. For these reasons, all the streets are filled with the smokes that adversely affect the human health conditions. Burning poisonous gases like sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxides, nitric acids and sulfuric acids, again create the smokes. These particles make the air heavy and polluted. In view of the above, it is evident that in order to construct buildings, dams and embankments, lots of plants and trees are cut down and subsequently these are burnt for bricks for which air is polluted to a great extent. In the winter-based country, the plants and trees are being planted in the artificial manner by storing sun light under some restricted environment.

 In view of the above discussion, it is obvious that the things which are being done in the green house, are the increasing of carbon dioxide, which affects the environment adversely. We need to ensure the proper use of carbon dioxide by growing the plants and trees adequately without which congenital atmosphere for our survival on earth would not have been possible. Finally, we should find out ways and means to save our environment from being polluted of our environment. We should also look after our indoor environment where in all of our daily intervention of work, our indoor environment is always being polluted. We should be careful in handling our daily need so that our daily debris emanating from our continuous house-hold affairs so that we can save ourselves from health hazards as a tentative flow Source: http://www.shvoong.com/social-sciences/1728320-indoor-pollution/#ixzz3FlbTM5dS

Modern world draw back

There is no denying the fact that today’s world is not peaceful, moderate and refined, rather it is full of perils and threatening. Still today, unlimited social evils are prevailing in the world. Not only in our country, but also in many parts of the world, corruption, terrorism, dowry system, traffic congestion, pollution and high rate of population exist tremendously. Formerly, the people were peaceful in the sense that they did not know how to use weapons to spoil others. In modern world, the use of atomic energy has been mischievously enhancing for which the safely survival for humans are being painstaking day by day. If we look around the world, we will observe that the numbers of wars are increasing day by day for which the war against terrorism is a burning question of the day. The history says, by a mammoth invasion of the terrorists, the world largest business centre situated in America has been crushed. It is a matter of great regret that the super power countries like USA, Germany, France, Russia and Great Britain failed to retaliate such attacks. It is important to note that in Hiroshima and Nagashika of Japan during First World War, atom bomb had been thrown on the soil of Japan, the first sun rising country. The effect of such atom bomb was so fatal that even today; such poisonous influences are widespread in the world on a large scale. Modern world is the world of threat, perils and painful and as such, the war of Vietnam was dangerous that unlimited people had been killed. The war of Iraq is most destructive and heinous because each and every day due to terrorism attack, uncounted people are being killed irrespective of high or low. The peace loving forces are trying to control the country relating to law and order situation, but it is becoming difficult to control the country on the part of the alliance forces against the rebel forces. The rebel forces think that hey are fighting against the occupancy of foreign foes and according to them, they will fight till date until or unless Iraq is liberated. From the consequences of such war, we can decide that all wars cannot bring good harvest rather than the people of the world who do not find any ways to live with peace, society, friendship and love. In the midst of many arguments and debates, it seems that today’s world is full of perils and dangerous place. Due to the fact that corruption exists tremendously for which we can say that where there is no accountability, there lies corruption and it occurs in case of dealing money in exchange of anything. In my opinion, it is the sum of total resources expressed in terms of current monetary units and the discretion power which is the authority and empowerment to spend and minus accountability. Moreover, Smoking emerge due to delay in healing of stomach ulcers; it trims down the senses of smell and taste; slows down reflexes which causes smokers more prone to accidents; and gives an unpleasant smell from the breath, clothes, and homes of smokers. Very current survey illustrates that smokers endanger the health of non-smokers. Pregnant women smokers tend to have smaller babies than non-smokers, and their babies are more likely to be born dead or die a few days after birth. Besides such tremendously adverse affects, the children of smoking parents have more lung infections in the first years of life than the children of non-smokers. During one hour in a smoky room, a non-smoker can inhale as much cancer-causing substances as some one smoking 15 filter-tip cigarettes. Illness related to smoking is very expensive. In U.K., France, Germany, China and USA, it results in the loss of about 60 millions working days a year, treatment costs several hundreds thousands dollar a day, and it causes the death of over a million people a week. However, those who give up smoking greatly reduce their chances of developing diseases