There is
no denying the fact the fundamental rights of the children is supported by UN
charter which envisages that a child must be protected by providing him/her
hierarchical needs like physiological, safety, security, egoistic and self
actualization need. In Un convention, it has been clearly stated that a child
must be flourished and it is the duties of the parents and in this respect, the
state parties should have a special look to the well beings of the children and
as such they should ensure necessary funds to develop them with proper
education, knowledge and other ancillaries in a systematic manner so that they
should develop themselves as an ideal citizen. In this context, Child labour
has been a great impediment for flourishing the prospects of building them as good
citizen in a country. Due to the fact that due to poverty, the parents are
compelled to send their children to work in order to maintain their family.
There is no denying the fact that modern civilization has been flourishing day
by day by constructing buildings, dams, and embankments and over bridges for
various purposes. There is a good ground for every development works in the
world for which the limitless efforts, men's hardihood and persistent feelings
are involved significantly. Indeed, all sorts of educational institutions like
schools, colleges, universities and every project and offices profiles have
been constructed by enormous using sufficient bricks, trees and soils.
Formerly, the world was full of forests and there were uneven soils like ragged
mountains and hills. In course of time, the people felt needs to enter into the
world of civilization. To speak the truth, they learnt the techniques of
cultivating the land, making fire and fuel for preparing their foods and
ultimately, they became conversant with the useful things very convenient to
them by conquering the world of science and technologies. In this momentary
world many uncommon talents came out and made the world astonished by miracle
discoveries and inventions. In those work, men and women are equally engaged
where it is evident that a child is only a child, not a boy, not a girl.
It is evident that modern
society is more often than not male dominated where women still pine away in an
substandard position put side by side to men because of the social formation
and stick with customarily held social values. There is, however, an escalating
responsiveness that women’s position must get better as a matter of their
right; and that, for national development also, mainstreaming of women in all
walks of national life is essential. Bangladesh is differentiated by a very
high population density (860 persons per sq. km. as of 1999), a high population
growth rate (about 2.5 per cent), a very low per-capita income (about US$ 200
as of 1999), a very low adult literacy rate (32 per cent), and widespread being
without a job and underemployment (one-third or more of the available
labour-time in the country). About 46 per cent of the population aged 10 years
and above constitute the civilian labour force. While women constitute half of
the population, their labour force participation rate is only 9.9 per cent
against 81.4 per cent of men. Open unemployment rate is 3.1 per cent for women
against 1.1 per cent for men and underemployment rate for women workforce is
even higher measure up to men. Since the mid-1970s, the Government has, in
acknowledgment of the fact that women’s class must get better and that women
should be implicated in nation building behavior for an orderly progress of the
society, adopted policies and measures aimed at enhancing women’s status,
promoting employment opportunities for them, protecting their rights. On top of these, the
Constitution of Bangladesh, adopted in 1972, has guaranteed equal position to
women. The Constitution of Bangladesh enshrines women’s equal status with men
before law; women shall have equal rights in all spheres of state and public
life, and equality of opportunity in respect of employment or office in the
service of the Republic. They should not be discriminated against because they
are women. In fact, the Constitution provides that special steps should be
taken for the advancement of women. However, Article 29(c) states that any
class of employment or office may be set aside for members of one sex on the
ground that it is considered by its nature to be unsuited to members of the
opposite sex. If not properly interpreted, this provision may allow scope for
abuse and provide a cover for discrimination against women.
The
position of building the children is difficult nowadays because of expansion of
child labour and as such it is found, not only in our country but also through
out the world, the number of child labour are enhancing day by day. Due to the
fact, the effort to develop the children by proper education is being adversely
hampered. Suffice it to say that a class of people in the name of
establishment, they are employing the children as child labour in different factories,
offices and other places in some manner by way of offering very low wages. The
world is immensely beautified by her unbounded nature where the forests and the
animals, hill and mountains have been flourished by the best ecosystem with
relevant ecological balances with the factors of climate and weather. In the
world, as the antidotes of medicine to cure diseases, the poisonous chemicals
are being used up to manufacture the same. In this connection, it is important
to mention that the dreadful diseases like cancer, coronary, blood cancer and
aids etc., are no longer a problem or dreadful impediment to human beings. If
we look around the world, we will find that the environment is being polluted
every time from water effluence when mosquitoes lay eggs on standing water of
the river, ponds and pools etc. When dirty and unexploited ingredients are
thrown into water, the water is polluted tremendously. In Great Britain
We should bear in mind that, as specified in the proclamation of
the Rights of the Child, "the child, by reason of his corporeal and
psychological juvenile behavior, needs special safeguards and care, including
appropriate legal protection, before as well as after birth",
The Convention on the Rights of the
Child was accepted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by
General Assembly resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989 . It entered into force 2 September 1990 , in accordance with
article 49.
It has been
highlighted that, in accordance with the
principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, recognition of the
inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the
human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, we should bear in mind that the
peoples of the United Nations have, in the Charter, reaffirmed their faith in
fundamental human rights and in the dignity and worth of the human person and
have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in
larger freedom, it has been recognized
that the United Nations has,
in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in the International Covenants
on Human Rights, proclaimed and agreed that everyone is entitled to all the
rights and freedoms set forth therein, without distinction of any kind, such as
race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or
social origin, property, birth or other status, it has been recalled that, in the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the United Nations has proclaimed that
childhood is entitled to special care and assistance, Convinced that the family, as the fundamental group of society
and the natural environment for the growth and well-being of all its members
and particularly children, should be afforded the necessary protection and
assistance so that it can fully assume its responsibilities within the
community, it has been stated that the child, for the full and harmonious
development of his or her personality, should grow up in a family environment,
in an atmosphere of happiness, love and sympathetic consideration. It has been
stated that the child should be fully prepared to live an individual life in
society and brought up in the spirit of the ideals proclaimed in the Charter of
the United Nations and in particular in the spirit of peace, dignity,
tolerance, freedom, equality and solidarity. It has been expressed that the
provisions of the Declaration on Social and Legal Principles relating to the
Protection and Welfare of Children, with Special Reference to Foster Placement
and Adoption Nationally and globally; the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules
for the management of Juvenile Justice
We should bear in mind that, in all countries in the world, there are children
living in unusually difficult conditions and that such children need special contemplation
for taking due explanation of
the importance of the traditions and cultural values of each people for the fortification
and harmonious development of the child. We
should bear in mind the importance of international co-operation for improving
the living conditions of children in every country, in particular in the
developing countries, for the purposes of the present Convention, a child means
every human being below the age of eighteen years unless under the law
applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. States Parties shall
respect and ensure the rights set forth in the present Convention to each child
within their jurisdiction without discrimination of any kind, irrespective of
the child's or his or her parent's or legal guardian's race, colour, sex,
language, religion, political or other opinion, national, ethnic or social
origin, property, disability, birth or other status. 2. States Parties shall
take all appropriate measures to ensure that the child is protected against all
forms of discrimination or chastisement on the basis of the status, activities,
expressed opinions, or beliefs of the child's parents, legal guardians, or
family members. In all actions concerning children, whether undertaken by
public or private social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative
authorities or legislative bodies, the best interests of the child shall be a
primary consideration. It has been stated the States Parties embark on to
ensure the child such protection and care as is necessary for his or her
well-being, taking into account the rights and duties of his or her parents,
legal guardians, or other individuals legally responsible for him or her, and,
to this end, shall take all appropriate legislative and administrative measures.
It
has been stated the states Parties should ensure that the institutions,
services and facilities responsible for the care or protection of children
shall conform with the standards established by competent authorities,
particularly in the areas of safety, health, in the number and suitability of
their staff, as well as competent supervision. It has
been stated the States Parties shall undertake all appropriate legislative, managerial
and other measures for the implementation of the rights recognized in the
present Convention. With regard to economic, social and cultural rights, States
Parties shall undertake such measures to the maximum extent of their available
resources and, where needed, within the framework of international
co-operation. It has been stated the States Parties shall respect the
responsibilities, rights and duties of parents or, where applicable, the
members of the extended family or community as provided for by local custom,
legal guardians or other persons legally responsible for the child, to provide,
in a manner consistent with the evolving capacities of the child, appropriate
direction and guidance in the exercise by the child of the rights recognized in
the present Convention.
It
has been avowed the child shall be listed immediately after birth and shall
have the right from birth to a name, the right to get hold of a nationality
and. as far as possible, and the right to know and be cared for by his or her
parents. It has been stated in UN charter that the States Parties should ensure
the implementation of these rights according to their national law and their
obligations under the relevant global instruments in this field, in particular
where the child would otherwise be stateless. It has
been stated the states Parties undertake to respect the right of the child to
preserve his or her uniqueness, including nationality, name and family kindred
as recognized by law without unlawful intervention. The children who are found begging
need to be sorted out and they should be positioned in a place which is
suitable for their development. The social authorities and other welfare
organization should come forward to settle them in a systematic manner. Other
wise the hopes and aspiration would be nipped in the bud and in this context,
William Shakespeare says:
“Out! Out! A brief candle,
A life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player,
That struts and frets his hour
Upon the stage,
And then is heard no more,
It is a tale;
Told by an idiot,
It is full of sound and fury,
Signifying nothing”
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