There is no denying the fact that agricultural activities are relevant in Bangladesh. Suffice it to say that plenty of agricultural products are adequately made in Bangladesh. As the fourth largest rice production country, the internal demand of rice for 15 million people is also high.Considering the food security and contribution to GDP, reliable rice production estimates are very important. There are three seasonal rices like aus, aman and boro in Bangladesh. The changes in the volume of production due to natural condition effect the government policy planning. For this reliable rice production statistics is very important for taking substantial steps in all level.
Through the “Harmonization and Dissemination of Unified Agricultural Production
Statistics” project funded by FAO a statistically sound sampling methodology
has been recommended on the basis of Experimental Crop Cutting conducted by the
project in Rajshahi and Barisal districts. This Experimental Crop Cutting was
done with the help of field and head quarter level officers of Bangladesh
Bureau of Statistics (BBS), Department of Agriculture Extension (DAE), Space
Research and Remote Sensing Organization (SPARRSO). Ten crop cutting were
conducted in each ten upazilas of Rajshahi and Barisal districts during aman
harvesting season in November-December 2012.After analyzing the data of
experimental crop cutting the consultants recommended a statistically sound methodology
on sample crop(rice) cutting. In accordance with the recommended methodology,
the manual has been prepared. Standard error for rice production estimates can
be provided after following this methodology. As a result user will be able to
know the extent of reliability of the estimate.
The
procedure for compiling production estimates is complex. But the results of
experimental crop cutting in different countries and the updated knowledge on
sample crop cutting made the job little bit easier. The experimental crop
cutting through the project is a greater activity of experiments. The results
of these experiments have similarities with the result of other countries. At
the time of developing the methodology, this knowledge has been considered. As
a result, it reliable estimates can be
derived through this methodology. For estimating the production of rice, the
area coverage of one variety of rice along with per acre/hectare yield is
needed. So the total production of one rice= (area coverage of that rice X per
hectare or acre yield in metric ton. For area estimation there may be cluster
system, satellite imageries or farmer interview, there is no alternative of a
statistically sound sample design for crop cutting. On the basis of experimental
crop cutting results, the following sample design has been developed. (…please copy sampledesign……..)
Determination of Number of Sample
crop Cutting at Upazila level: As per the sample design, district has been
considered as domain (at what level estimates should be provided). It is also
found in the experimental crop cutting that a total of 50-60 crop cutting in
each district will give precise estimates. For determining the number of crop
cutting in different upazilas in a district, the proportion of area coverage in
previous year should be taken into account. A mathematical calculation of
variety wise distribution of number of crop cutting in different upazilas of a
district has been shown in the following table.
Name
of District: …X………… Name of Crop: …………………..
Sl.
No.
|
Name
of Upazilla
|
Total
area under cultivation of boro (acre)
|
Distribution
of number of crop cutting
|
||||||
Total
|
Local
|
HYV
|
Hybrid
|
Total
|
Local
|
HYV
|
Hybrid
|
||
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
10
|
01
|
‘A’
|
36000
|
6000
|
20000
|
10000
|
20
|
2
|
12
|
6
|
02
|
‘B’
|
17000
|
3000
|
10000
|
4000
|
9
|
2
|
5
|
2
|
03
|
‘C’
|
23000
|
5000
|
10000
|
8000
|
12
|
2
|
6
|
4
|
04
|
‘D’
|
5000
|
1000
|
4000
|
-
|
3
|
1
|
2
|
-
|
05
|
‘E’
|
11000
|
3000
|
8000
|
-
|
6
|
2
|
4
|
-
|
Total ofDistrict
|
92000
|
18000
|
52000
|
22000
|
50
|
9
|
29
|
12
|
|
In the above example in “X”
district the total area under boro in last year was 92000 acres. Fifty crop
cutting has been distributed in five upazilas. This has been also distributed
variety-wise in different upazilas. In the previous year total area under local
variety was 18,000acre, High Yielding Variety (HYV) 52,000 acre and Hybrid
22,000 acre and number of crop cutting has been determined as 9 for local, 29
for HYV and 12 for Hybrid which is proportionate to area. This procedure has
also been applied for determining variety wise number of crop cutting in each
upazila. One should bear in mind that if there occurs crop damage due to
natural calamity or other reason the area under damage will be deducted from
last year area. The previous year area has been recommended as the current year
area is not readily available. In this case agriculture census data can be used
for two successive years after conducting the agriculture census.
Preparation for Crop Cutting
Experiments: The
preliminary activities of sample crop (rice) cutting are related with the
sample design as well as plot selection. It means that a list of cutting in the
upazilacontaining detail information of the plot with tentative cutting dates
should be prepared by the upazila office after getting the cluster report.
Comprehensive activities shall have to be done in a systematic manner for
conducting crop cutting experiments. Designed form-“A” shall have to be
prepared using the cluster report sheet.
Method of selection of Sample
Cluster: After getting the cluster report separate variety
wise list should be made. At present, varieties for aus are considered as local
and HYV, for aman bona, local transplanted (both are local) and HYV and for
boro local, HYV and Hybrid. At the time of doing this job officers must be
careful that the variety wise cluster report should be separated first. After
that they will prepare Form-“A” and finally select the clusters according to
the predetermined number of crop cutting for that variety. The Random Number
Table should be used for selecting the cluster from the serial number in
column-1. After selecting the cluster, next steps to be taken to fill up
Form-“B” for selecting plot in the cluster.
Cluster selection Form –A for Crop Cutting
Form-“A”
Name
of Crop:………………………
Variety:……………… Year:……………….
Sl. No.
|
Cluster Number
|
Name of Union
|
Name of Mouza
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
Separate form should be used for
different variety of one crop. One should take those reports of selected
clusters and fill up Form-“B” in detail so that the randomly selected plot can
be easily identified. In this form the information of randomly selected
clusters should be inserted. Serial number for each cluster should be different
from serialof plots of previous clusters. For example, if the serial number of
the plots of selected cluster number 12755 is 1,2,3,4, the serial of next
selected cluster 12784 will be again 1, 2,3,4,5and so on. After filling up the
detail information one plot from each selected cluster should be selected using
the Random Table. Those selected plots will be used for sample crop cutting.
But after selection if it is found that the size of the selected plot is so
small that a crop cutting having size of 215.278 sq. feet (2o sq. meter) is not
possible, then the immediate next plot in the list should be selected. These
activities are to be done immediately after the completion of the cluster
survey.
Plot selection Form –B
for Crop Cutting
Form-“B”
Name
of Crop:……………………
Variety:……………… Year:……………….
Sl.
No.
|
Selected
Cluster No.
|
Name
of Union &Mouza
|
Plot
Description
|
Name
of Farmer with father’s Name
|
Land
in Acre
|
Selected
cutting No.
|
|
Sl.
No.
|
Plot
ID.
|
||||||
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
1
|
…………
|
1
|
|||||
After
completion of filling up the Form-“B”, crop cutting experiments to be conducted
in consultation with the farmers by the relevant officers of that upazila.
After completion of this list, one copy should be sent to regional statistical
office and one copy to upazila agriculture office. The crop cutting should be
done jointly by BBS and DAE field officers.
………..Crop
Cutting List
Name
of Upazila:……………
Sl.
No.
|
Name
of Union &Mouza
|
Cluster
No.
|
Plot
No.
|
Name
of Farmer with Father’s name
|
Tentative
date of crop cutting
|
Name
of
Variety
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
Method of crop cutting outside the
cluster: After
verifying the cluster report, if it is found that the crop or the specific
variety is not found in the cluster area, upazila officers should find out
whether there is cultivation close to cluster. If it is not available close to
cluster upazila officers will try to find out cultivated area under the
specific crop and variety in the same mouza (which mouza has clusters). Through this process, they will get areas if
there is cultivation and list ten farmers with necessary information in
form-“C”. For conducting one crop cutting experiments outside cluster, the list
of ten farmers have to be prepared. This should also be done after cluster
survey and much earlier to harvesting time.
Plot
Selection Form-“C” outside the cluster
Form-“C”
Sl.
No.
|
Name
of Mouza
|
Name
of Farmer with father’s name &address
|
Sl.
No. of Plot
|
Plot
No.
|
Area
of Land in Acre
|
Remarks
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
Method
of Filling the Schedule: One crop cutting schedule should be filled up for each
crop cutting. There are two parts, Part-1 and Part-2.
Part-1:
Identification of Crop cutting area (Sample plot identity):
(1)
For
part-1, the position of the plot such as Division, districts, upazila, union,
mouza,cluster number, identity for outside cluster plot, name and fathers name
of the farmer etc.should be mentioned as required in the schedule.
(2)
The
plot should be identified clearly and
verify with the cluster map and having interview with the farmer.
Part-2:
Crop Cutting Technique:
2.1 Determining crop cutting point:
Here the area of the selected plot should be written in acre rightly. For example if the plot size is
one acre fifteen decimal 1 should be written in acre and 15 decimal should be
written in decimal in right spaces. Besides this, necessary information should
be incorporated in this section accordingly. At the very beginning, the
south-west corner should be identified first. To do it one should stand facing
to the north. The right arm of the person will be towards the East. Now the
plot will be in front and right side of the person. After determining the
south-west corner, crop cutting personnel will use a tape for measuring the
length of the side from south-west corner to south-east corner. The length in
feet should be written on the specified space in the schedule. For example the
length is found 73 feet. Now keeping the tape unturned, 9 feet should be
excluded from each side. Here after deducting 9 feet from both sides the point
9 in the west side and point 64 in the east side (73-9) should be detected. Now, through using Random
Table a random number should be determined between 9(inclusive) and 64. It may
be supposed that the random number may be 47. This point on the boundary should
be marked. Again the breadth of south-west corner to north-west corner should
be measured in the same way. For example if it becomes 60 feet. Crop cutting
officers should again deduct 9 feet from both sides and will get point 9 in the
south side and point 51 in the north (60-9) side. This information should be
properly inserted in the crop cutting schedule. Now a random number should be
selected using Random Table from 9 to 51. Suppose the random number is 37. This
point (37) should be marked on the boundary. After getting this two points 47
and 37 two person will start entering from this point and at one point the
interception point can be detected. That interception point is the cuttingpoint.
Standing this point crop cutting personnel will make sure that the point has a
distance of 37 feet to marked point at 47 random point at south boundary.
Similarly this point should have a gap 47 feet from the random point 37 on the
west boundary. Now according to suggested system, an iron rod should be placed
at this point entering the bottom side in the paddy field so that it does not
move easily. Using this iron rod as center of crop cutting in circular system
and using an arm/measurement tape having 8.278 feet radius all the crop plants
within the circle should be harvested, this will cover the area equals to
215.278 square feet or 20 square meters. In case of irregular shape of the
selected plot, the plot has to be arbitrarily transformed into square shape and
to determine the cutting point in the same way. If the cutting point falls outside
the plot due to irregular shape, further selection of random points in south
and west boundaries will be required.
Sample
Crop Cutting Graph
 |
 |
8.278ft
 |
||||
|
||||
|
||||
2.2 Name of the Crop
and variety: In this place the name of crop should be mentioned in the proper place. The
right answer should be marked through circle.
2.3 Recording of Crop Cutting
Experiment Results: This part should have to be filled up
with proper care. The green weight of paddy obtained from the sample crop
cutting should be recorded in kilogram and gram in right place.
Measurement of Moisture:
Through using moisture meter the moisture percentage should be recorded here.
2.4 Information
regarding Irrigation: The information regarding use of
irrigation in the sample plot should be recorded through interviewing the
respective farmer. The correct answer should be circled out.
2.5 Information
regarding use of Fertilizer: The information
regarding use of fertilizer in the sample plot should be recorded interviewing
the respective farmer.The correct answer should be circled out. The quantity
should be mentioned in kilogram.
2.6
Information regarding use of Pesticides:The information regarding use of pesticides
in the sample plot should be recorded interviewing the respective farmer. The
correct answer should be circled out. The quantity should be mentioned in
liter.
3.0 Data Collection through Farmers
Interview: Here data should be collected and recorded in the
specified place in the schedule for two years through interviewing five farmers
for the same crop and variety.
Quality Control of crop cutting and
Supervision: With the active involvement of the
field level officers of BBS and DAE, crop cutting experiments should be
conducted. This will be verified time to time by the regional or head quarter
officer by both the departments/ concerned ministries.
Special Instruction: After collecting
different information from the crop cutting, BBS and DAE officials will sign in
the respective places. Rafter getting crop cutting schedules from upazila
statistical offices, regional statistical offices will prepare the following table
and send crop cutting schedule with the Compilation Sheet.
Compilation sheet of Crop Cutting
Experiments in the district
Name
of the Crop:……………………
Year:…………………………
Sl.
No.
|
Name
of district/Upazila
|
Total
number of crop cutting
|
||||
Local
|
……
|
HYV
|
Hybrid
|
|||
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
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